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New !

Amy Ashwood Garvey

Pan-Africanist, Feminist and  Mrs. Marcus Garvey No. 1

Or

A Tale of Two Amies

 

 

By TONY MARTIN

 

 

Marcus Garvey is now well known as arguably the greatest Pan-Africanist of all time.  His Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), founded in 1914, had a membership at its peak in the 1920s of many millions of people spread over more than forty countries, from Australia to Zimbabwe.  The headquarters division in Harlem, New York had about 40,000 members.  Garvey built his organization on the principles of Black Nationalism, which inevitably meant having to do battle with integrationists, Communists, and powerful white governments in the Americas and Europe.

 

What has only been dimly known before now is the fact that Garvey also had to build his movement in the face of  an almost unbelievable struggle against a scorned first wife who pursued him relentlessly for most of his adult life and who continued to assail his remains and his memory for  three decades more, until her own death in 1969.  Garvey met Amy Ashwood in Jamaica in 1914, shortly before founding the UNIA.  She subsequently moved to Panama but they were reunited in Harlem in 1918.  They were married in 1919.  Their marriage was effectively over in two months.  There followed lawsuits and counter suits for annulment, divorce, alimony and bigamy.

 

Garvey divorced Ashwood in Missouri in 1922 and quickly married her namesake Amy Jacques, Ashwood’s former friend, roommate and maid of honor. Garvey accused Ashwood of infidelity with several UNIA members and associates, including Harlem intellectual Hubert H. Harrison. He accused her of becoming pregnant for other men, a fact which Garvey was willing  to overlook. He accused her of theft from the UNIA’s Black Star Line, of alcoholism and of laziness. Amy Ashwood never accepted the Missouri divorce and contended to the end of her days that she was still the real Mrs. Garvey. 

 

She hounded Garvey by any means at her disposal.  She wrote a biographical expose which never got published.  She complained to President Calvin Coolidge about him. She toured the United States with musical comedies gloating over Garvey’s incarceration for alleged mail fraud. She traveled the world opportunistically basking in the glory of the Garvey name.  She sued him in the Jamaican courts when satisfaction was not forthcoming in the U.S. legal system.  She obtained an injunction in London preventing the second Mrs. Garvey from repatriating Garvey’s remains  to Jamaica in 1945.  She staged a coup within the Jamaica UNIA after Garvey’s death and assumed Garvey’s old title of president-general of the Parent Body.  She held memorial meetings for Garvey in Jamaica during his last illnesses and after his death in 1940, in scant regard for Garvey’s widow, Amy Jacques, who was living in Jamaica at the time.  News of her participation in these memorials after premature press reports of Garvey’s death may have helped induce the final round of strokes that killed him.

 

Yet Amy Ashwood managed to live a very full life and became an important Pan- Africanist in her own right.   She founded the precursor to the important West African Students Union (WASU) in London in 1924 and befriended a veritable who’s who of important Pan-African figures.  These included C.L.R. James, George Padmore, W.E.B. DuBois, Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, President W.V.S. Tubman of Liberia, President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and many others.  Her surviving correspondence with some of these figures contains historically important, sometimes startling, information.

 

Amy organized women’s organizations in West Africa and the Caribbean and became an important figure in the anti-racist movement in England.  She accumulated a wealth of unpublished academic materials on the position of women in West Africa.  In 1947 she traced her ancestry back to Ashanti in Ghana in a manner so reminiscent of Alex Haley’s Roots (published three decades later) that one has to wonder whether Haley might have somehow heard of Amy’s story.

 

Among her private papers are historically very significant letters from J. B. Danquah, who Nkrumah deposed as principal nationalist leader in the build-up to independence in Ghana.

 

Amy was a gifted orator and a charismatic person, but never stuck with her many projects long enough to see them to complete fruition.  Her story often reads like fiction. In London she induced a powerful Member of Parliament to buy her a house.  Twenty years earlier she had as a benefactor a real English countess. Her father stowed away to the U.S. on a Black Star Line ship. U.S. officials more than once suspected her of being a British or other spy.  In Ashanti she persuaded the Asantehene to provide her with a parcel of land for a school which never got built.  President Tubman gave her rights to a diamond mine on concessionary terms.

 

Running through Amy’s story is the fascinating sub-plot of her decades long romance and collaboration with Sam Manning, a Trinidadian calypsonian and one of the world’s pioneering Black recording artistes.

 

This biography was in the making for twenty-seven years.  It utilizes a wealth of research materials, including the private papers of Amy Ashwood Garvey, the papers of many persons who knew her, the extensive court records of her divorce-related cases, the papers of Amy Jacques Garvey, British and United States government archives, interviews with a large number of her acquaintances in many countries, detailed research in Jamaican, African American, Ghanaian and other newspapers, a trip to Amy’s ancestral Ghanaian village of Darman, and much more.

 

 

 

Publication date, Feb. 28, 2007

Order from: 1-978-829-2521; Fax: 1-978-348-1233

The Majority Press         

46 Development Road, Fitchburg, MA 01420

          Email: Orders@pssc.com

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

THE SELMA CAMPAIGN 1963-1965

The Decisive Battle of the Civil Rights Movement

 

            The Selma Campaign 1963-1965 contains more individual firsthand accounts about events in Selma at the height of the civil rights struggle than any other published work.

                Most of the contributors to this volume had never been interviewed, but for over forty years recounted personal recollections of experiences to their children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews and others.  Now their invaluable oral reminiscences are being shared with the reading public.   

                The campaign conducted by people of African descent in Dallas County, Alabama, where Selma is located covered two decades, 1963-1965 being the culminating years of this protracted struggle.  The fresh accounts presented in this book afford scholars, serious students of history, and casual readers a glimpse at the initial but moderate eighteen years, as well as a detailed, heart-wrenching, colorful, authoritative view of activities from March 1963, when the campaign was elevated to a new level, until the conclusion in March 1965.

                There are several well known scenes associated with Selma, but the stories chronicled in this work unveil several defining episodes, showing stages when momentum increased, progress stalled, and when the struggle almost ended prematurely. 

                Reflections from people who were preachers, teachers, house-wives, domestics, laborers and students when the campaign was at its zenith serve to add unusual powerful touches of joy, beauty, sadness, innocence, and seriousness to this  body of material.         

                Readers are invited to journey back with participants as they tell their individual story --- witness the rise to power of local leader and legend Frederick Douglass Reese; go to mass meetings; enter crowded cells at prison camps in surrounding counties to which high school students that participated in the local movement were transported and confined; stand in the company of The Courageous Eight whose efforts breathed new life into the community when everyone, except these eight individuals, thought defeat was imminent in late 1964; run with beaten, blood-stained, frightened adults and children who raced wildly through the streets of Selma on Bloody Sunday from State Troopers and local authorities who attacked marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge; and take the long historic Selma to Montgomery March --- all through the eyes of the people who were there and can best tell the world what actually occurred, put events in context, and make them connect.

                 The Selma Campaign 1963-1965 has all the breadth, depth, quality, accuracy, heart-felt conviction and realism that are inherent in a story when a people tell their version of it and from their own perspective.

Wally G. Vaughn is a native of Sumter, S.C.  He successfully completed studies at Virginia Union University, Richmond, VA., B.A., 1976; School of Theology at Virginia Union, M. Div., 1980; Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, N.J., Th. M., 1991; and United Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, D.Min., 2001.  He is a chaplain in the United States Air Force, endorsed to serve by the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.  Chaplain Vaughn is the author of two other books.  Reverend Vaughn is a Life Member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.  He and his wife, Geraldine, have two children, Wallisa and Wally, Jr.  

Mattie Campbell Davis is a native of Sheffield, Alabama, and graduated from Parker High School, Birmingham, Alabama.  She successfully completed academic studies at Lawson Junior College, Birmingham, in 1968 and the University of North Alabama, B.A., in 1971.  She is married to Reverend John Davis and they have one son, John, II.  Mattie is co-owner of Robes and Gowns of Selma.

 

 

  

 

 

 

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Eric Williams and E. Franklin Frazier Book Launched

The Economic Future of the Caribbean, edited by E. Franklin Frazier and Eric Williams, was launched on June 14, 2004 at the campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad.  Addresses were delivered by his Excellency Professor George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago, Erica Williams Connell, daughter of Eric Williams, Dr. Kirk Meighoo, who reviewed the book and Professor Tony Martin, who delivered the feature address. The event was jointly sponsored by Lexicon Books Ltd, the book’s distributor in Trinidad, the Eric Williams Memorial Collection of the University of the West Indies and The Majority Press.  Among the many people in attendance were Professor Gurmohan Kochhar, deputy principal of the university, Dr. Cuthbert Joseph, Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Trinidad and Tobago, Dr. Margaret Rouse-Jones, head of the university library, Dr. Bridget Brereton, former deputy principal of the university, Reginald Vidale of the Eric Williams Memorial Trust and Norman Girvan, former head of the Association of Caribbean States.

 Professor Tony Martin greets His Excellency Professor George Maxwell  Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago.  At right are Deputy Principal of the University of the West Indies Professor Gurmohan Kochhar and Erica Williams Connell, daughter of  Dr. Eric Williams.

Professor Tony Martin .Erica Williams Connell

Dr. Anselm Francis, Master of Ceremonies.

H.E. President Maxwell Richards     Maureen Baldeo of  Lexicon

    (At left )Section of the audience. Right, Book signing - Erica Williams Connell with Dr. C. Bartholmew and Dr. C. Joseph.

  Book signing - Professor Tony Martin with Professor Bridget Brereton.

 

The 9 pictures above were taken by Bert Allette and appear by his courtesy.

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New Press Release

Denzel Washington's First Film Features " The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey"

 

Denzel Washington’s Antwone Fisher features Marcus Garvey

Denzel Washington’s 2003 blockbuster movie Antwone Fisher features Marcus Garvey’s great book, The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey.  The Oscar award winning Washington both directs and acts in the movie.  As a naval psychiatrist working with sailor Antwone Fisher, Denzel Washington tells Antwone Fisher to read The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey as a way of building up his self-esteem as a Black man.

            The Majority Press New Marcus Garvey LibraryThe Philosophy and Opinions has long been recognized as one of the great inspirational works for Black people.

 

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New Press Release

 

 
PRESS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
May 25, 2004.
Contact: Ramona Francis (1-508-533-4497); Email: 
tmpress@earthlink.net.
 
CARIBBEAN MYTHOLOGY AND MODERN LIFE:
Book of Plays for Young People Just Published
 
Caribbean Mythology and Modern Life:5 Plays for Young People has 
just been published by The Majority Press and UNESCO (Guyana.)
The book of one act plays, written by prizewinning playwright 
Paloma Mohamed is a first in Guyana and perhaps the wider Caribbean. 
It attempts to bring back into the public consciousness mythic 
characters once widely known and understood in the region.  
 
Such characters as Anansi, Sukuyant, Fire Rass and Fairmaid (Water 
Mama, Mami Wata) find themselves interwoven into colorful tales 
about young people trying to find answers to modern problems which 
they confront. 
 
Mohamed throws some rather obscure folk characters into the mix as 
well. For this reason Caribbean Mythology and Modern Life is also a 
valuable reference tool.  Not many people have heard of the Indian 
folk character, Sukanti or the Indian vampire characters Vetala and 
Chedipe, or of the Mexican Cuitala or Chinese Chaing. They may not 
have known what a Piaman is or heard of Makonaima or Kanima, the 
great spirits of Guyanese Amerindian mythology either.
 
The plays in the book are about a wide range characters and various 
important issues of modern life such as HIV/AIDS, violence, gender 
and environmental concerns. In Anansi's Way teenagers overcome 
schoolyard violence and bullying using non-violent methods as 
exemplified by Anansi; In Massacuraman a mythical beast returns to 
the present in protest of assaults against the environment; Sukanti 
engages recently orphaned siblings of Hindu descent on issues of 
religion, race, class and tradition; A Fair Maid's Tale explores 
gender issues as an Amerindian girl asserts her independence and 
challenges the male dominated society into which she was born. 
Finally, in Chupucabra several blood sucking and vampire characters 
of the Caribbean and the wider world discuss and try to solve the 
pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
 
 
Al Creighton, arts critic, writer, academic and 
international literary judge has written an authoritative 
introduction to the book. Creighton's introduction not only spans 
the socio-historical development of Guyanese theatre, but analyses 
Mohamed's plays in the context of fable and myth. He also outlines 
the playwright's contribution to Guyanese and Caribbean theatre.  He 
notes that "… A Calypso Trilogy (Rawle Gibbons) and Caribbean 
Mythology and Modern Life stand alone as collections of drama rooted 
both in the oral tradition and in popular culture. But Mohamed's is 
unique because it was designed for a school audience."
 
The book also contains Notes on Theatre for Children and Young People, by 
veteran dramatist, dramaturge and lecturer at the Creative Arts 
center of the University of the West Indies, Lester Efebo Wilkinson. 
In his contribution, Wilkinson invokes the "Genius of the Griot" and 
makes a strong case for the importance of folk, fable and fairy tale 
in teaching children about life.
 
There are six powerful illustrations of the main mythical characters 
in the book, researched and rendered by master artist and 
illustrator Barrington Braithwaite.  There is also a glossary of 
terms following each play.
 
Caribbean Mythology and Modern Life is a celebration of Caribbean 
social history, language, culture and people. It is a welcome 
addition to the sparse dramatic fare for children and young people. 
Moreover, it is a teaching tool for bringing life skills issues 
into the formal education system through the existing language 
and performing arts curricula. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Caribbean Mythology and Modern Life
by Paloma Mohamed
ISBN: 0-912469-42-0
2004. 216 pages. 6 illustrations. 
Paperback. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orders at: www.themajoritypress.com

USA,  Tel: 1.978.342.9676. Fax 1.978. 348.1233. Or Email: orders@pssc.com

Also available from Ingram Books, Africanworldword@aol.com, Amazon.com or barnesandnoble.com

London: Turnaround  Distributors: Tel: .44.0208.8293000. Email: orders@turnaround-uk.com

                 Pepukayi Books: Tel: .44208.801.0205. Email: Pepukayi@hotmail.com

Canada: HB Fenn : Tel: 905-951-6600. www.Hbfenn.com

Jamaica: Novelty Trading Company: 1.876.922.5661. Email:novtraco@cwjamaica.com

Trinidad: Lexicon Books: 1.868.675.3389. Email: lexicondistribution@tstt.net.tt 

             ..........................................................

New Press Release Starts Here

PRESS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

May 2004.

Contact: Ramona Francis (1-508-533-4497); Email: tmpress@earthlink.net

 

A MAN CALLED GARVEY

FULLY ILLUSTRATED CHILDRENS BOOK ON LIFE OF MARCUS GARVEY FINALLY HERE

 

The Majority Press Inc., announces the publication of A Man Called Garvey: The Life and Times of The Great Leader Marcus Garvey by Paloma Mohamed with illustrations by Barrington Braithwaite.  This is a children’s book which traces the life and work of Jamaican born Pan-African leader Marcus Mosiah Garvey and his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).  Garvey was born in 1887, less than two generations after slavery was abolished. He spent his short life working towards African self-awareness, self-reliance, political and economic liberation. He died in London, in 1940 at the age of fifty-two. His love for his people found expression in a wide range of activities. This included his Negro Factories Corporation which employed hundreds, The Black Star Line Shipping Corporation, The Nego World, the world’s most widely circulated African Newspaper and more.  Martin Luther King, Jr.,  Malcolm X and others all praised Garvey’s pioneering achievements. At its height in the 1920’s Garvey ‘s UNIA boasted millions of members in over forty countries. It is  the greatest Pan-African mass movement in history.

 

Garvey’s life and work have spawned several books including such Majority Press publications as The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey edited by Amy Jacques Garvey, Marcus Garvey: Hero  and Race First by Tony Martin. However, most of these books cater to adult and college audiences. A Man Called Garvey  tries to fill the vacuum that exists for children’s literature on Garvey and on important people of color in general.  It successfully strikes the balance between historical integrity, entertainment and education.

 

But more than just a story on the life of a great Black leader, A Man Called Garvey is an inspiring tale of self acceptance, love, dedication and discipline. It may even offer insight into the condition of Black folk today.

 

The story of Garvey and his UNIA is masterfully and sensitively depicted in illustrations which appear on each page of the book. This caters to this generation’s reliance on the visual and makes the book’s themes and issues accessible even to those who may dislike reading.

 

A Man Called Garvey is the first book in The Majority Press’s Wisdom for Children Series. 

 

A Man Called Garvey: The Life and Times of the Great Leader Marcus Garvey

By Paloma Mohamed. Illustrated by Barrington Braithwaite.

ISBN: 0-912469-40-4

2004; 36 pages. 36 B&W illustrations.

Paperback. US$12.95.

Ages 6 and up.

 

Orders: www.themajoritypress.com

USA,  Tel: 1.978.342.9676. Fax 1.978. 348.1233. Or Email: orders@pssc.com

Also available from Ingram Books, Africanworldword@aol.com, Amazon.com or barnesandnoble.com

 

London: Turnaround  Distributors: Tel: .44.0208.8293000. Email: orders@turnaround-uk.com

              Pepukayi Books: Tel: .44208.801.0205. Email: Pepukayi@hotmail.com

Canada: HB Fenn : Tel: 905-951-6600. www.Hbfenn.com

Jamaica: Novelty Trading Company: 1.876.922.5661. Email:novtraco@cwjamaica.com

Trinidad: Lexicon Books: 1.868.675.3389. Email: lexicondistribution@tstt.net.tt 

            

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New Press Release Starts Here

April 2004

Contact: Ramona Francis (1-508-533-4497; tmppublicity@comcast.net)

 

 

The Economic Future of the Caribbean

Historic Book by Eric Williams and E. Franklin Frazier Republished

 

 

The Majority Press announces the publication of The Economic Future of the Caribbean, edited by Eric Williams, former prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago and E. Franklin Frazier, African America’s distinguished sociologist. This book, now almost forgotten, was first published in 1944 and is now republished for the first time in sixty years. It carries a foreword by Erica Williams Connell, daughter of Eric Williams and founder of the Eric Williams Memorial Collection at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad.

In 1943 Dr. Eric Williams, a thirty-one year old Assistant Professor of Political and Social Science at Howard University, organized a conference on “The Economic Future of the Caribbean.”  Williams, a rising star in intellectual and activist circles, brought together an eclectic and influential group of experts to debate the conference theme.  Speakers included advocates of independence for Puerto Rico, leaders of the pro-democracy movement among Caribbean Americans, scholars, diplomats and the top brass of the British and United States sections of the newly-formed Anglo-American Caribbean Commission. Participants discussed the dominance of sugar throughout the region, the need for agricultural diversification, the fisheries industry and the media.  They also examined race relations, the future of colonialism and the prospects for Caribbean federation. The proceedings were published under the editorship of Williams and E. Franklin Frazier, Professor of Sociology and Chairman of the Division of Social Sciences at Howard.

In a new introduction to the current reprint of the conference proceedings, Tony Martin for the first time reveals  Williams’ use of this conference as a major component of his strategy to gain employment in the Anglo-American Caribbean Commission.  Williams already saw his scholarship as merely a prelude to a political career and the Anglo-American Caribbean Commission presented an unprecedented opportunity for him to make his much desired transition from academia to policy-making. Revealed here for the first time also is Williams’ employment with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), immediate forerunner of the United States’ Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Eric Williams won a Trinidad and Tobago island scholarship, graduated at the top of his undergraduate class at Oxford University and obtained a D. Phil. from Oxford in 1938.  He was successively chief minister, premier and prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1956 to 1981. In academic circles he is best known as author of Capitalism and Slavery, one of the outstanding historical works of the twentieth century.

E. Franklin Frazier, the distinguished sociologist, was chairman of Howard University’s Division of Social Sciences, which sponsored Williams’ 1943 conference.  His several books included Black Bourgeoisie and The Negro Family in the United States.

Tony Martin is Professor of Africana Studies at Wellesley College, Massachusetts.

 

 

Bibliographic data:

Economic Future of the Caribbean.

Eric Williams and E. Franklin Frazier (Eds). 

The Majority Press,  2004.

ISBN 0912469-37-4 (paper)

US$19.95

 

 

 

Press Release

TRINIDAD'S FIRST ANTHOLOGY OF POETRY REPUBLISHED AFTER FIFTY-SIX YEARS

 

Best Poems of Trinidad (1943)

 

An Important Literary Event

 

The Majority Press announces the publication of Best Poems of Trinidad (1943), chosen by A.M. Clarke, and republished now for the first time since 1943.  The collection was Trinidad and Tobago's first ever poetic anthology and came at a time of intense literary flowering in the Caribbean.

 

The 1930s and 1940s witnessed the Beacon literary magazine published by Albert Gomes in Trinidad, the Forum Quarterly in Barbados, Kyk-over-al in Guyana, The West Indian Review   in Jamaica and many others.  Literary  activity in the English-speaking Caribbean had its counterparts in the Negritude movement among French-Speaking Africans and Antillians, in the Griot movement in Haiti and similar movements in Cuba and Puerto Rico.

 

A.M. Clarke brought together a talented group of Trinidad and Tobago poets.  Some of them, including Clarke himself, were veterans of The Teacher's Herald published at the Government Training College for Teachers.  Some were veterans of the Beacon.  Several of the contributors, including Albert Gomes,  Guyanese born Edgar Mittelholzer, Alfred Mendes, Earnest A. Carr and Hugh Conrad Stollmeyer, are now well-known names in the history of Caribbean art and literature.

 

Clarke himself was a leading poet, short story writer and literary critic of the period.  He was also active in Trinidad and Tobago's literary and debating society movement and wrote novels. He has been active on the literary scene for over sixty years.  In July 1999 the Circle of Poets of Trinidad and Tobago and the Port of Spain City Council  honoured Clarke with its first ever "Poet of the City" award.  Best Poems of Trinidad  contains a preface by Albert Gomes, an introduction by Clarke and a foreword to the second edition by Professor Tony Martin of Wellesley College.  The new edition also contains a 1998 interview with A.M. Clarke, in which he discusses the history of Caribbean literature.

 

Best Poems of Trinidad is the first offering in a "Caribbean Classics"  series, in which The Majority Press will reprint important Caribbean titles.

 

Press Release 

A Black Insider's View of the FBI --

Not a Pretty Picture

New Memoir by Former Black Special Agent

 

            Former FBI Special Agent Tyrone Powers' new book, Eyes to My Soul:  The Rise or Decline of a Black FBI Agent  (The Majority Press, 1996),  is a first of its kind in the history of African American writing.  Powers, a veteran of the Maryland State Police, spent nine years as an FBI agent, with postings in Cincinnati and Detroit.  He resigned  in August 1994.

            The picture of the country's top law enforcement agency that emerges from Powers' eloquent prose reveals an organization beset by the same problems of racism that plague the rest of American society.  In a recent class action suit brought by African American special agents against the FBI, it was statistically demonstrated that one in four Black agents was under some form of internal investigation.  Agents deemed to be too outspoken are harassed and unfairly evaluated.  Acts of petty (and sometimes serious) racism within the agency are frequent.

            Powers describes sheet-clad students at the FBI Academy impersonating Ku Klux Klansmen.  He shows, in an appendix to the book, a flyer which was posted in several locations within the Detroit  FBI field office. The flyer publicized a fundraiser for white Detroit policemen charged with (and later convicted of) second degree murder in the death of Black motorist Malice Green.  This murder case received extensive national media attention, which makes all the more startling the agents' act of wanton bigotry.  White agents on one occasion substituted the face of an ape on the photo of an African American agent's children, displayed on their Black colleague's desk.

            White agents, according to Powers' narrative, urinated on photographs of President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore.  Powers provides eyewitness evidence of the agency's extralegal harassment of African American mayors  Coleman Young (Detroit), Marion Barry (Washington, DC) and Harold Washington (Chicago).

            His story parallels similar complaints of harassment voiced in recent years by the Congressional Black Caucus and in the 1960s by Civil Rights workers.  The FBI's Counter Intelligence Program of surveillance, disruption and assassinations against the Black movement of the1960s and1970s (COINTELPRO), has received wide coverage in recent years.

            Former Special Agent Powers grew up in inner city Baltimore and his autobiographical  recollections combine the sociologist's insight with the novelist's flair for storytelling.  The problems of the inner city are presented in all their unvarnished starkness.  There was drug dealing, violence, gang feuds and incest in the experience of an inner city youth growing to manhood.  Some of it was very close to home.

            But there was also love, friendship and hope, much of it emanating from a close knit family.  The despair and hopelessness of other rags-to-riches tales of urban African America find no place in Eyes To My Soul.

            Tyrone Powers immersed himself in the writings of Malcolm X, John Henrik Clarke, Niccolo Machiavelli, Sun Tzu, Marcus Garvey, Martin Luther King, Jr. and many others.  He earned a bachelor's  degree in Criminal Justice at Coppin State College in Baltimore and a Masters of Public Administration at the University of Cincinnati, the latter while serving with the FBI.  He set himself the task of lifting up his community from its pain, rather than condemning it for its misfortune.

            Much of his quest revolved around the figure of his brother Nate, a strong, intelligent African American man, hastened to a violent death by the overwhelming forces of the ghetto.  The relationship between Tyrone, the FBI agent and Nate, the brother on the block, provides an intense dramatic quality for the book.  Tyrone, with much encouragement from the older and wiser Nate, triumphed over his environment.  Nate, aware of  the dangers of his environment but too deeply enmeshed in it to escape, died a young and violent death.

                Tyrone Powers' experiences on the firing line of American racism have propelled him towards an even greater commitment  to helping his people.  To  that end he is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree  in Sociology/Justice at The American University.  He still encourages African Americans to join the FBI, as it is his hope that a fairer, more tolerant FBI will emerge.          

            Eyes to My Soul  is an American classic.  It is an epic of the human spirit and its relentless pursuit of dignity, even in the face of overwhelming injustice.

 

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Also available from Ingram Books,  Afrikanworldword@aol.com, Amazon.com or barnesandnoble.com


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